A Hybrid Numerical Model for Long-Range Electromagnetic Wave Propagation

A hybrid numerical model is presented for solving long range electromagnetic wave propagation problems involving objects on or above the ground surface by hybridizing two-way split-step parabolic equation (2W-SSPE) method with of moments (MoM). The advantages proposed are twofold: (i) It reduces staircasing error in irregular terrain modeling, which usually occurs when standard SSPE used alone. This achieved employing MoM to more accurately obtain scattered fields from slanted/curved surfaces. (ii) enables handle Earth's surface, cannot be easily modeled due difficulty imposing boundary conditions. accuracy numerically verified comparing results those 2W-SSPE and GO+UTD (geometric optic + uniform theory diffraction) methods some representative problems.